Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) is both a hormonal and gynecologic disorder. It involves hormonal imbalances, particularly high androgen levels, that affect the ovaries’ ability to function normally. This imbalance often leads to irregular cycles and fertility issues, along with metabolic problems like insulin resistance.
PCOS symptoms vary but commonly include irregular or absent periods, weight gain, acne, excess facial or body hair, and thinning scalp hair. Many women also experience mood swings, difficulty with ovulation, and infertility.
Women with PCOS often experience irregular menstrual cycles, typically longer than 35 days or completely absent. This irregularity stems from anovulation, where eggs are not released regularly.
Establishing hormonal baselines is essential in understanding PCOS. Key hormones to monitor include androgens, luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), estrogen, progesterone, and prolactin.
Lab tests for PCOS should assess androgen levels, glucose and insulin for insulin resistance, and lipid profiles to monitor heart health. Thyroid function tests and inflammation markers (like CRP) are also important to rule out other conditions and underlying inflammation.